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How To Automatically Stretch And Yet Constraint Html Child Element Within Parent Container?

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If we start with this setup of HTML elements: ...and then we make use of CSS flexbox and apply the flex-grow property to the 'body' element, we get this: Which is fantastic that

Solution 1:

This sample using flexbox does what you asked, with no fixed height on the children.

Fully dynamic .header and .footer, and a .body that will scroll when needed, so it all stays within its parent, the .wrapper.

Note, regarding the scroll, you give the element you want to have the scroll an overflow, not the element that might cause the overflow.

html, body {
  margin: 0;
}
body {
  display: flex;  /*  IE 11/10 min-height bug fix - or an extra wrapper in the markup  */
}
.wrapper {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100vh;
  width: 100%;
}
.body {
  flex: 1;
  overflow: auto;
}


/* below CSS is just for the extra styling */.wrapper {
  height: calc(100vh - 44px);   /*  2*2px border + 2*10px margin  */width: calc(100% - 44px);     /*  + 2*10px padding = 44px       */border: 2px dashed black;
  margin: 10px;
  padding: 10px;
}
.wrapper > div {
  padding: 10px;
}
.header {
  border: 2px solid blue;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.body {
  border: 2px solid green;
}
.footer {
  border: 2px solid red;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
<divclass="wrapper"><divclass="header">
    Header<br></div><divclass="body"><h1>
      Hello world!
    </h1><divclass="content">
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br></div></div><divclass="footer">
    Footer<br></div></div>

When you say the whole body element, if you instead mean the actual html body, not the element with the .body class, then use a min-height on the .wrapper and remove the overflow from the .body.

You could set the overflow to the html body element, though it's not needed as it scrolls by default

html, body {
  margin: 0;
}
body {
  display: flex;  /*  IE 11/10 min-height bug fix - or an extra wrapper in the markup  */
}
.wrapper {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: 100vh;
  width: 100%;
}
.body {
  flex: 1;
}


/* below CSS is just for the extra styling */.wrapper {
  min-height: calc(100vh - 44px);   /*  2*2px border + 2*10px margin  */width: calc(100% - 44px);     /*  + 2*10px padding = 44px       */border: 2px dashed black;
  margin: 10px;
  padding: 10px;
}
.wrapper > div {
  padding: 10px;
}
.header {
  border: 2px solid blue;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.body {
  border: 2px solid green;
}
.footer {
  border: 2px solid red;
  margin-top: 10px;
}
<divclass="wrapper"><divclass="header">
    Header<br></div><divclass="body"><h1>
      Hello world!
    </h1><divclass="content">
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br>
      Content<br> Content<br></div></div><divclass="footer">
    Footer<br></div></div>

Solution 2:

Here's a version with minimal CSS, which allows for your requirements, I think.

* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
html,body {
  max-height: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  }
#header {
  border: 2px solid blue;
  color: blue;
  height: 4em;
  margin-bottom: .5em;
  }
#content {
  border: 2px solid green;
  color: green;
  height: calc(100vh - 10em);
  margin-bottom: .5em;
  overflow-y: scroll;
  }
#footer {
  border: 2px solid red;
  color: red;
  height: 4em;
  }
<body><divid="header">This is the header</div><divid="content"><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer nec odio. Praesent libero. Sed cursus ante dapibus diam. Sed nisi. Nulla quis sem at nibh elementum imperdiet. Duis sagittis ipsum. Praesent mauris. Fusce nec tellus sed augue semper porta. Mauris massa. Vestibulum lacinia arcu eget nulla. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. </p><p>Curabitur sodales ligula in libero. Sed dignissim lacinia nunc. Curabitur tortor. Pellentesque nibh. Aenean quam. In scelerisque sem at dolor. Maecenas mattis. Sed convallis tristique sem. Proin ut ligula vel nunc egestas porttitor. Morbi lectus risus, iaculis vel, suscipit quis, luctus non, massa. Fusce ac turpis quis ligula lacinia aliquet. Mauris ipsum. Nulla metus metus, ullamcorper vel, tincidunt sed, euismod in, nibh. Quisque volutpat condimentum velit. </p><p>Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nam nec ante. Sed lacinia, urna non tincidunt mattis, tortor neque adipiscing diam, a cursus ipsum ante quis turpis. Nulla facilisi. Ut fringilla. Suspendisse potenti. Nunc feugiat mi a tellus consequat imperdiet. Vestibulum sapien. Proin quam. Etiam ultrices. Suspendisse in justo eu magna luctus suscipit. Sed lectus. Integer euismod lacus luctus magna. </p><p>Quisque cursus, metus vitae pharetra auctor, sem massa mattis sem, at interdum magna augue eget diam. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Morbi lacinia molestie dui. Praesent blandit dolor. Sed non quam. In vel mi sit amet augue congue elementum. Morbi in ipsum sit amet pede facilisis laoreet. Donec lacus nunc, viverra nec, blandit vel, egestas et, augue. Vestibulum tincidunt malesuada tellus. Ut ultrices ultrices enim. Curabitur sit amet mauris. Morbi in dui quis est pulvinar ullamcorper. Nulla facilisi. </p><p>Integer lacinia sollicitudin massa. Cras metus. Sed aliquet risus a tortor. Integer id quam. Morbi mi. Quisque nisl felis, venenatis tristique, dignissim in, ultrices sit amet, augue. Proin sodales libero eget ante. Nulla quam. Aenean laoreet. Vestibulum nisi lectus, commodo ac, facilisis ac, ultricies eu, pede. Ut orci risus, accumsan porttitor, cursus quis, aliquet eget, justo. Sed pretium blandit orci. </p><p>Ut eu diam at pede suscipit sodales. Aenean lectus elit, fermentum non, convallis id, sagittis at, neque. Nullam mauris orci, aliquet et, iaculis et, viverra vitae, ligula. Nulla ut felis in purus aliquam imperdiet. Maecenas aliquet mollis lectus. Vivamus consectetuer risus et tortor. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer nec odio. Praesent libero. Sed cursus ante dapibus diam. Sed nisi. Nulla quis sem at nibh elementum imperdiet. Duis sagittis ipsum. Praesent mauris. </p><p>Fusce nec tellus sed augue semper porta. Mauris massa. Vestibulum lacinia arcu eget nulla. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Curabitur sodales ligula in libero. Sed dignissim lacinia nunc. Curabitur tortor. Pellentesque nibh. Aenean quam. In scelerisque sem at dolor. Maecenas mattis. Sed convallis tristique sem. Proin ut ligula vel nunc egestas porttitor. </p><p>Morbi lectus risus, iaculis vel, suscipit quis, luctus non, massa. Fusce ac turpis quis ligula lacinia aliquet. Mauris ipsum. Nulla metus metus, ullamcorper vel, tincidunt sed, euismod in, nibh. Quisque volutpat condimentum velit. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nam nec ante. Sed lacinia, urna non tincidunt mattis, tortor neque adipiscing diam, a cursus ipsum ante quis turpis. Nulla facilisi. Ut fringilla. Suspendisse potenti. Nunc feugiat mi a tellus consequat imperdiet. Vestibulum sapien. </p><p>Proin quam. Etiam ultrices. Suspendisse in justo eu magna luctus suscipit. Sed lectus. Integer euismod lacus luctus magna. Quisque cursus, metus vitae pharetra auctor, sem massa mattis sem, at interdum magna augue eget diam. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Morbi lacinia molestie dui. Praesent blandit dolor. Sed non quam. In vel mi sit amet augue congue elementum. Morbi in ipsum sit amet pede facilisis laoreet. </p><p>Donec lacus nunc, viverra nec, blandit vel, egestas et, augue. Vestibulum tincidunt malesuada tellus. Ut ultrices ultrices enim. Curabitur sit amet mauris. Morbi in dui quis est pulvinar ullamcorper. Nulla facilisi. Integer lacinia sollicitudin massa. Cras metus. Sed aliquet risus a tortor. Integer id quam. Morbi mi. </p></div><divid="footer">This is the footer</div></body>

Solution 3:

Flexbox does just that.. Could it be you forgot to remove the default margin on the body? 

.wrapper {
  height: 100vh;  
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

body {
  margin: 0;  
}

header, footer {
  background: grey;
  flex-basis: 50px;
}

section.grow {
  flex-grow: 1;  
}
<divclass="wrapper"><header></header><sectionclass="grow"></section><footer></footer></div>

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